Events
1387 – Battle of Castagnaro: English condottiero Sir John Hawkwood leads Padova to victory in a factional clash with Verona.
1565 –The Siege of Malta (also known as the Great Siege of Malta) ended in defeat for the Ottoman Empire who attempted to invaded the island, then held by the Knights of Malta with support from the Spanish Empire, and other European Allies.
1641 – Battle of Mbororι, Guaranνs from Jesuit Reductions against Bandeirantes, and portuguese explorers after separation of the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal.
1649 – The Frondeurs and the French government sign the Peace of Rueil.
1702 – The Daily Courant, the UK's first national daily newspaper is published for the first time.
1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
1824 – The United States War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
1845 – The Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.
1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.
1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto, written by Verdi.
1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood: The largest man-made disaster ever to befall England kills over 250 people in Sheffield.
1867 – The first performance of Don Carlos written by Verdi.
1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.
1872 – The Meiji Japanese government officially annexes the Ryukyu Kingdom into what would become the Okinawa prefecture.
1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
1917 – World War I: Baghdad falls to the Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude.
1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.
1931 – Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union.
1941 – World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.
1942 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur abandons Corregidor.
1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2.
1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Muslim Siege: more than 130 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations.
1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Al Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani.
1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the Soviet Union's leader.
1990 – Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.
1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn-in as the first democratically elected Chilean president since 1970.
1993 – Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn-in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States.
1999 – Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.
2004 – Madrid Train Bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid (Spain) kill 191 people.
2005 – Brian Nichols goes on shooting rampage at Fulton County courthouse in Atlanta, Georgia, killing three. He kills a fourth person before surrendering to the police the next day.
2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as first female president of Chile.
2009 – Winnenden school shooting – 17 people are killed at a school in Germany.

Births
1544 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1595)
1725 – Henry Benedict Stuart, pretender to the throne of Great Britain (d. 1807)
1738 – Benjamin Tupper, Continental Army officer, and pioneer to the Ohio Country (d. 1792)
1785 – John McLean, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1861)
1787 – Ivan Nabokov, Russian general (d. 1852)
1811 – Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician (d. 1877)
1818 – Marius Petipa, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1910)
1822 – Joseph Louis Franηois Bertrand, French mathematician (d. 1900)
1863 – Andrew Stoddart, English cricketer (d. 1915)
1873 – David Horsley, English-born film executive (d. 1933)
1876 – Carl Ruggles, American composer (d. 1971)
1870 – Louis Bachelier, French mathematician (d. 1946)
1880 – Harry H. Laughlin, American eugenecist (d. 1943)
1884 – Lewi Pethrus, Swedish politician (d. 1974)
1885 – Malcolm Campbell, English race car driver (d. 1948)
1887 – Raoul Walsh, American film director (d. 1980)
1890 – Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (d. 1974)
1897 – Henry Cowell, American composer and impresario (d. 1965)
1898 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (d. 1968)
1899 – Frederick IX of Denmark, Danish King (d. 1972)
1903 – Ronald Syme, New Zealand classicist and historian (d. 1989)
1903 – Lawrence Welk, American musician (d. 1992)
1907 – Jessie Matthews, English actress (d. 1981)
1910 – Robert Havemann, German chemist (d. 1982)
1915 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
1915 – Hans Peter Keller, German writer (d. 1988)
1915 – J. C. R. Licklider, American computer scientist and Internet pioneer (d. 1990)
1916 – Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
1916 – Ezra Jack Keats, children's literature author (d. 1983)
1920 – Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch physicist, Nobel laureate
1921 – Frank Harary, American mathematician (d. 2005)
1921 – Αstor Piazzolla, Argentine composer (d. 1992)
1922 – Cornelius Castoriadis, Greek philosopher and economist (d. 1997)
1922 – Josι Luis Lσpez Vαzquez, Spanish actor
1926 – Reverend Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights leader (d. 1990)
1926 – İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish musician and composer
1927 – Robert Mosbacher, 28th United States Secretary of Commerce
1928 – Albert Salmi, American actor (d. 1990)
1929 – Timothy Carey, American actor (d. 1994)
1930 – Claude Jutra, Quebec film actor and director (d. 1986)
1931 – Rupert Murdoch, Australian-born entrepreneur
1932 – Leroy Jenkins, American composer and violinist (d. 2007)
1934 – Sam Donaldson, American reporter
1935 – Sandra Milo, Italian actress
1936 – Antonin Scalia, American Supreme Court Justice
1937 – Carlos Larraρaga, Spanish actor
1939 – Lorraine Hunt, former Lieutenant Governor of Nevada
1939 – Flaco Jimιnez, American musician
1940 – Alberto Cortez, Argentinian singer
1942 – Joel Steiger, American Producer / Writer
1945 – Dock Ellis, American baseball player (d. 2008)
1945 – Harvey Mandel, American musician
1946 – Patty Waters, American jazz singer
1947 – Tristan Murail, French composer
1948 – Roy Barnes, 80th Governor of Georgia
1948 – Cιsar Gerσnimo, Dominican baseball player
1948 – Dominique Sanda, French actress
1950 – Bobby McFerrin, American singer
1950 – Jerry Zucker, American director
1952 – Douglas Adams, English writer (d. 2001)
1953 – Bernie LaBarge, Canadian musician
1953 – Lαszlσ Bφlφni, Romanian football player and manager
1954 – Gale Norton, 48th United States Secretary of the Interior
1955 – Nina Hagen, German singer
1956 – Curtis Brown, NASA astronaut
1956 – Joey Buttafuoco, American statutory rapist
1956 – D. J. MacHale, American author and television writer
1956 – Rob Paulsen, American voice actor
1956 – Helen Rollason, British sports journalist and television presenter (d. 1999)
1957 – Lady Chablis, American entertainer
1957 – Cheryl Lynn, American singer
1958 – Anissa Jones, American actress (d. 1976)
1958 – Jim Pinkerton, American pundit
1958 – Flemming Rose, Danish journalist
1958 – Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, interim President of Iraq
1959 – Nina Hartley, American porn star
1960 – Christophe Gans, French film director
1961 – Elias Koteas, Canadian actor
1962 – Jeffrey Nordling, American actor
1963 – Alex Kingston, English actress
1963 – Davis Guggenheim, American director and producer
1964 – Peter Berg, American film actor, director and producer
1964 – Vinnie Paul, American drummer (Pantera)
1964 – Shane Richie, British actor
1965 – Nigel Adkins, English football manager
1965 – Jesse Jackson, Jr., American politician
1965 – Wallace Langham, American actor
1965 – Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, British television presenter
1966 – Joe Hachem, Lebanese-born Australian poker player
1967 – John Barrowman, Scottish-American actor
1967 – Brad Carson, American politician
1968 – Lisa Loeb, American singer-songwriter
1968 – Jerod Shelby, founder of Shelby SuperCars and creater of the SSC Ultimate Aero
1969 – Terrence Howard, American actor
1969 – Soraya, Colombian-American singer (d. 2006)
1970 – Delia Gallagher, American journalist
1971 – Johnny Knoxville, American television personality
1971 – Martin Ručinskύ, Czech ice hockey player
1973 – Martin Hiden, Austrian footballer
1974 – Bobby Abreu, Venezuelan baseball player
1974 – Jon Dalton, American Survivor castmember
1974 – Kate Brian, American writer, Private
1975 – Eric the Midget, American radio personality
1975 – Shawn Springs, American football player
1976 – Thomas Gravesen, Danish footballer
1977 – Andre Nickatina, American rapper
1977 – Becky Hammon, American basketball player
1978 – Didier Drogba, Ivorian footballer
1978 – Albert Luque, Spanish footballer
1978 – Christopher Rice, American author
1979 – Elton Brand, American basketball player
1979 – Fred Jones, American basketball player
1979 – Benji Madden, American guitarist (Good Charlotte)
1979 – Joel Madden, American singer (Good Charlotte)
1980 – Paul Scharner, Austrian footballer
1980 – Dan Uggla, American baseball player
1981 – David Anders, American actor
1981 – Heidi Cortez, American erotic broadcaster
1981 – Lee Evans, American football player
1981 – Russell Lissack, English musician (Bloc Party)
1981 – LeToya Luckett, American singer (ex-Destiny's Child)
1981 – Paul Wall, American rapper
1982 – Brian Anderson, Major League Baseball player
1982 – Thora Birch, American actress
1982 – Lindsey McKeon, American actress
1983 – Marietta Chrousala, Greek fashion model
1983 – Bianca Gonzalez, Filipina TV host and model
1984 – Marc-Andrι Grondin, Canadian actor
1984 – Anna Tsuchiya, Japanese model, actress and singer
1984 – Tom James, British rower
1985 – Paul Bissonnette, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 – Hakuhō Shō, Mongolian sumo wrestler
1985 – Derek Schouman, American football player
1985 – Nikolai Topor-Stanley, Australian soccer player
1985 – Ajantha Mendis, Sri Lankan Cricketer
1986 – Mariko Shinoda, Japanese actress and member of AKB48
1987 – Marc-Andrι Gragnani, Canadian ice hockey player
1987 – Jonathan Stewart, American football player
1989 – Anton Yelchin, Russian/American actor
1990 – Janna Dominguez, Filipina actress
1990 – Reiley McClendon, American Actor
1991 – Jack Rodwell, British football player

Deaths
1425 BC – Thutmose III, Egyptian pharaoh
222 – Elagabalus, Roman Emperor
222 – Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus (b. 180)
859 – Eulogius of Cordoba, Spanish Bishop and Christian Martyr
1198 – Marie de Champagne, daughter of Louis VII of France (b. 1145)
1486 – Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg (b. 1414)
1514 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect (b. 1444)
1575 – Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (b. 1520)
1602 – Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian composer
1607 – Giovanni Maria Nanino, Italian composer
1722 – John Toland, Irish philosopher (b. 1670)
1759 – John Forbes, British general (b. 1710)
1786 – Charles Humphreys, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1714)
1801 – Paul I of Russia, Russian tsar (b. 1754)
1820 – Benjamin West, English-American painter (b. 1738)
1847 – Johnny Appleseed, American pioneer agronomist (b. 1774)
1851 – George McDuffie, Governor of South Carolina (b. 1790)
1854 – Willard Richards, American religious leader (b. 1804)
1856 – James Beatty, Irish railway engineer (b. 1820)
1863 – Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, English general (b. 1803)
1866 – Ulysses F. Doubleday, American congressman (b. 1792)
1869 – Vladimir Odoevsky, Russian philosopher (b. 1803)
1870 – King Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho
1874 – Charles Sumner, American politician (b. 1811)
1898 – William Rosecrans, American Civil War Union general (b. 1819)
1907 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French politician (b. 1847)
1908 – Revd Benjamin Waugh, American activist (b. 1839)
1915 – Thomas Alexander Browne, Australian writer (b. 1826)
1920 – Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (b. 1865)
1931 – F.W. Murnau, German film director (b. 1888)
1937 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist (b. 1860)
1944 – Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-born American historian (b. 1882)
1949 – Anastasios Charalambis, Greek general and interim Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1862)
1952 – Pierre Renoir, French stage and film actor and director (b. 1885)
1955 – Sir Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, Nobel laureate (b. 1881)
1955 – Oscar Mayer, Bavarian-born American meat packer (b. 1859)
1957 – Admiral Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (b. 1888)
1958 – Ole Kirk Christiansen, Danish inventor of Legos (b. 1891)
1960 – Roy Chapman Andrews, American explorer and adventurer (b. 1884)
1967 – Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (b. 1882)
1969 – John Wyndham, English author (b. 1903)
1970 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American novelist (b. 1889)
1971 – Philo T. Farnsworth, American television pioneer (b. 1906)
1971 – Whitney Young, American civil rights leader (b. 1921)
1977 – Ulysses S. Grant IV, American geologist (b. 1893)
1977 – Alberto Rodriguez Larreta, Argentine racing driver (b. 1934)
1978 – Claude Franηois, French singer (b. 1939)
1978 – Sofia Vembo, Greek Female Singer, dubbed the "Singstress of Victory".
1982 – Edmund Cooper, English author (b. 1926)
1982 – Horace Gregory, American poet (b. 1898)
1984 – Kostas Roukounas, Greek rembetiko singer and song writer (b. 1903)
1986 – Sonny Terry, American blues musician (b. 1911)
1987 – Joe Gladwin, English actor (b. 1906)
1989 – James Kee, American politician (b. 1917)
1989 – John J. McCloy, United States Secretary of War (b. 1895)
1990 – Dean Horrix, English footballer (b. 1961)
1992 – Richard Brooks, American film director (b. 1912)
1993 – Dino Bravo, Italian-born professional wrestler (b. 1949),
1995 – Myfanwy Talog, Welsh actress (b. 1945)
1996 – Vince Edwards, American film actor and director (b. 1928)
1999 – Camille Laurin, Quebec psychiatrist and politician (b. 1922)
2002 – James Tobin, American economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1918)
2003 – Brian Cleeve, Irish author (b. 1921)
2003 – Ivar Hansen, speaker of the Danish Folketing (b. 1938 )
2006 – Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1931)
2006 – Slobodan Milošević, President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia (b. 1941)
2007 – Betty Hutton, American actress and singer (b. 1921)
2009 – Charles Lewis, Jr., American businessman, promoter and entertainer (b. 1963)