The most important set off tools in a webmasters tool kit is the mighty Google webmaster tools or GWT as its fondly called by webmasters. The interesting thing is that its actually not a tool you can have in your tool box, it more a set of tools you need to register to use at Google's website.
Here are just a few of the things GWT can help you achieve with your website:
Improve your site ranking in Google SERPs (search engine result pages)
One you register and verify you account with Google webmaster tools, you have a raft of tools that can help you see how well your site ranks, what keywords are your site responding to and much more.
See Google's view of your site.
One of the tools in GWT allows you to see how Google crawler see your site, this is very useful when you need to diagnose problems relating to your site ranking in Google.
View your link and query traffic
You can view and download detailed data about internal and external links to your website. The tools also tells you the keywords that brings traffic to your site, you will know exactly which lading page brings the traffic in.
Provide Google information about your site
Provide detail information about your site to Google via site maps, you can specify which pages Google crawlers should crawl more often, which one they should crawl less often etc.
Communicate with Google about your site.
You can communicate directly about Google via GWT and Google are able to communicate with you as well, for example is a page or image in your site has been reported to Google say for copyright issues, Google will remove the page from their index but they will tell you about it and give you the opportunity to put things right and tell them about it so that the page can be reincluded in Google SERPs.
You can register to use
Google Webmaster Tools from here.