database management

A database manager is a program module. It is provide the interface between low level data which is stored in database and the application program and the queries submitted to the system. The database manager is to handle the data which are storing in database and retrieving from database and...

FMS is the File management system, it consists of a number of application programs and it will execute the program in less time an equivalent program written in high level language because of the built in algorithm for sort and report generate in FMS software. File management system is ease of...

Generalization is the union of a number of lower-level entity types for the purpose of producing higher level entity type. Generalization is the bottom up approach which indicates by triangle arrow. Specialization is the reverse process of Generalization. Specialization involves taking a...

E- R model is Entity relationship model. Entity relationship model is using the three features to describe data. Entities: Which specify distinct real world items in an application. Relationships: which connect entities and represent meaningful dependencies between them Attributes: which...

Instead of having large number of database like SQL server, MySQL, DB2 etc which are having more features than it but why oracle is still the most preferred database among all of them? Whatever will be the case either using professionally, Using at back end of some tool for staging or as a...

HOW TO USE SERVER LOG ANALYSIS FOR TECHNICAL SEO Log analysis is worthy and important. Technical SEO is key to helping search engines to crawl and thereby ranking them The important thing to remember: Log files contains data 100% accurate in terms of how search engines are crawling...

In DBMS relationship between two tables are maintained programatically where as in RDBMS relationship between two tables can be specified at the time of table creation. DBMS does not support Distributed databases where as in RDBMS supports Distributed database. In DBMS no security of data where...

Benefits of DBMS are as follows:- The amount of data redundancy in stored data can be reduced. No more data inconsistencies. Data integrity are be maintained. Data integrity refers to the problem of ensuring that database contains only accurate data. Security of data can be simply implemented...

When a transaction is in progress then a snapshot of the DBMS state are maintained. When the transition gets fail because of some unusual condition then the check point helps to recover the transaction only where it is left out . Checkpoint reduce the amount of work to be done during restart the...

Proactive Update: Updates are applied to database before it becomes effective in real world. Retroactive Update: Updates are applied to database after it becomes effective in real world. Simultaneous Update: Updates that are applied to database at same time when it becomes effective in real...

When two or more transactions are waiting on a shared resource which is never allocated to transaction. Deadlock can be prevented by requesting transactions to acquire all locks at the same time so no waiting occur. Once it occur the only way to cure it to abort one of the transactions and...

First you must have to verify that a relation is in both first normal form as well as in second normal form. If the relation is not in the First and Second normal form. You must convert relation into second normal form . After a relation is in second NF , You must remove all transitive...

View is the logical virtual table created by select query in SQl. But the result is not stored any where in the storage media and every time we need to fire the query when we needed the data. Materialized view are also logical view of data secected by query but the result of the query will...

DBA also called Database Administrator. Database Administrator is the person who has the control over the system for accessing data. The DBA is responsible for giving the permission to the user of the database and also stored the all record or create the profile of each user. This user profile...

DDL DDL stands for Data definition language. DDL is the facility provide by Database management system. These are the various command which are providing by Data definition language. CREATE: Creating table in database DROP: Deleting data in database TRUNCATE: Removing all data from table...

A database is collection of data or information which is organized. Many user uses this for different purpose. We can easily create table in database and also insert, delete and update data in database. We can use the queries for creating, inserting, updating, and deleting data. These are the...

BY using Joins we can retrieve data from multiple tables. Join in an operation by which we retrieval of data from more than one table at a time. We can use the join with the SELECT statement, in which the SELECT list contains the information about the name of columns which we have retrieved from...

The hierarchical model is a top down model where each parent node may have many child but each child can have only one parent. This model supports one to many and one to one relationships. Network model is much more flexible model since each parent can have multiple child but each child can...

In Embedded SQL it include hard coded SQL statements. It stores the predefined same SQL statements for retrieving data from data base . These statements can not be change unless the source code is modified. Dynamic SQL is the process of generating SQL command when it needed.The statements...

The main advantages of the stored procedures are listed below:- It provides greater security. Decreased network traffic. SQL command can be optimized so easy in use the SQL command. Code sharing which reduce the overall work. It have standardized processing . There are specialization among...