database management

Structured data :- Structure data which maintain a structure. Structure data are stored in tabular form in the data base. The most important structure data are character, number etc Unstructured data:- A data which can not be stored in the table, like multimedia data such as documents...

The first normal form is the first and the simplest type of normalization that can be implemented in a database. The main rules of the first normal forms are :- 1.Remove duplicate columns from the same table. 2.Create separate table for each group of related data and each row have unique column...

Data manipulation language (DML) that enable users to access on manipulate (read , write, update) data as that is organised by appropriate data models. Procedure of the data manipulation language :- Data manipulation language (DML) requires a user to specify the what data are needed and how to...

Atomicity:- Atomicity means a transaction should complete its all the operations or perform non of the operation. If the transaction fail in between execution then it rollback to its previous state without any changes. Aggregation:- Aggregation is a process in which relation between two entity...

Feature of the database languages are as given below :- Database management system have specific configuration and management of storage engine. Computations to modifications of query results by computation like counting, summing, averaging, grouping, sorting and cross product constraint. It’s...

Relational database (RDBMS) used to store the conventional data like employee table in the form of table which contain row and columns . row are called as tuple and column are called as attribute. Where as Object Oriented data base used to store the data in the form of Objects. It is used to...

Data base is the huge collection of Disk. It may be at one place and distributed over various geographical region. When we store any date in the database we do not know about its location where it is stored . It may be on the local disk and some where else.Transparency means hiding the...

Super key :- Set of the attribute which determines all the attributes of the relation. In a relation more the only super key may be possible. How to find super key for given relation. Student (ABCDE) Function dependencies are :- AB determine C C determine DE How many super keys are possible...

In SQL DDL,DML,DCL languages are used to manage the whole database,one more language is TCL. TCL stands for Transaction Control Language,these commands are used to manage the transactions in the database.These are mainly used to manage the changes which is made by DML statements. TCL commands...

Functional dependency is one of the important property of DBMS. In a given relation some attributes sets are present,one attribute set is functional dependent on attribute set of another if each value of one set is EXACTLY ONE value of another set. Functional dependency is mainly two type Full...

SQL constraints are rules forced to apply on database to limit of data that can inserted into the table.to maintain its accuracy and integrity of data inside the table. Constraints are divided into two types i.e. table level constraints and column level constraints. Which constraints belong to...

E.F.codd is a computer scientist who invented the relational model for database management.Based on relational model relational database was created. It is in the form of tables which contains its schema,attributes,records e.t.c. E.F.Codd has given 12 rules to check dbms's concepts against its...

DCL stand for data control language and it is used to control the privilege in database. For creating database,database table,columns,rows,insertion,updation,deletion e.t.c. we need privilege. DCL controls and manage all the actions done on the database. Two DCL commands are grant and revoke...

DBMS is a collection of huge amount of data,while it is not introduced,traditional files are used to stored the data in a restricted manner,we cannot store more data and every time we have to create a new file to stored another type of data. DBMS has a huge collection of properties which enables...

6 Steps to follow if you get a message “This site may be hacked” For tackling hacked spam in search results Google has rolled out a set of algorithmic changes. There is a great increase in the number of hacked site and also a very high increase in the hacked site reconsideration request...

There are some weakness are available in the every programming language. SQL have also a some weakness or we can say that illegal use of some command. SQL injection is the technique in which hacker inject SQL commands into an SQL statement to access the database content illegally. How to detect...

Distributed means spread the data at the various places and make a connection between them to access them it is normally accomplished by networking. In the distributed database system data are stored at the various places and all the database are connected by the network to access them . What...

Relational database :- It is the convention database. It stored the data in the row and column form. Example :- Relational data base which store the record of engineering students. Object Oriented database:- It stores the data in the form of Objects . Example :- It is used to store data of...

Locking are used to keeps the database in the consistent state. Means it prevent the data base from filling and retrieving the incorrect value by the process. Because database contain large amount of data and that data is accessed by the more then one customer at the same time . So there is a...

A serializability is schedule whose effect is guaranteed to be same as that of a serial schedule on any database.Even if two database has different actions but the result is same on both then this is called as serializability. but i dont know what is view serializability?can you please explain.